R. E. Alekseev Nizhny Novgorod State Technical University (Nizhny Novgorod, Russia)

M. A. Chernigin, Engineer, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering Technology and Equipment, honeybadger52@yandex.ru

The technology of electric arc welding (WAAM) is one of the most productive and costeffective methods of additive manufacturing of large-sized metal products. However, the use of this method is hindered by the limited range of available welding wires and a technological feature in the form of an unintended change in the chemical composition of the metal during the welding process. One of the promising solutions to these problems is alloying metal by adding alloying elements directly to the welding pool. One of the objectives of this work was to evaluate the possibility of alloying low-carbon steel 09Mn2Si during additive manufacturing using the WAAM. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of different alloying powders on the chemical composition and hardness of deposited metal. Experimental blanks were made using Sv-08G2C wire with simultaneous supply of alloying powders: nickel-containing (PNK UT3, nitinol, PC-N70YU30), aluminum (PAP-1) and copper (PMS-1). The chemical composition, hardness, and level of contamination with non-metallic inclusions of the deposited metal were studied. As a heat treatment, normalization was carried out at 910 °C. It was found that alloying increased the content of the target elements: nickel – up to 5.13 % (PNK UT3) and 1.16 % (PC-N70YU30), copper – up to 4.53 % (PMS-1). The use of PAP-1 aluminum powder had no significant effect on the chemical composition of the steel. Nitinol alloying leads to the formation of large lacks of penetration, making it impossible to accurately determine the chemical composition. Alloying with any powders leads to an increase in the hardness of the deposited metal. The maximum increase (up to 30-32 %) was achieved using PNK UT3, nitinol, and PMS-1 powders. Air-hardening had no significant effect on the hardness of the alloyed layers. These results confirm the fundamental possibility and effectiveness of alloying in the welding pool during the WAAM process.
The study was supported by a grant from the Russian Science Foundation (Project No. 25-19-00534).

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