Gumarbek Daukeyev Almaty University of Power Engineering and Telecommunications, Almaty, Kazakhstan

Oryngozha Ye. Ye., Doctoral Student, oryngozha_yeraly@mail.ru
Aitchanov B. H., Professor, Doctor of Engineering Sciences

Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan¹ ; Kunaev Institute of Mining, Almaty, Kazakhstan²
Oringozhin Ye. S.^1,2, Chief Researcher, Doctor of Engineering Sciences

Academician Melnikov Institute of Comprehensive Exploitation of Mineral Resources–IPKON, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

Fedorov E. V., Head of Department, Candidate of Engineering Sciences

The article analyzes present-day technological innovations in in-situ borehole leaching of uranium, and discusses their influence on eco-friendliness, safety and efficiency of the process. The authors describe the key aspects of modern approaches to radiometric sorting of uranium ore, including automation, machine learning and other novel techniques, and discuss economic efficiency of radiometric separation of uranium ore. For the control of operating conditions in in-situ leaching, a system of automatic control with the dynamic pulse–frequency modulation is proposed. The system features high interference immunity and simplicity of hardware and software implementation. In addition, the scope of the discussion embraces prospects of technological advance in this area of research and potential contribution of new technologies to the environmental impact mitigation, mineral mining efficiency and sustainable development of the mining industry.

1. Sabirova L. B., Oringozhin E. S., Turganaliyev S. R., Fedotenko N. A. Physical and chemical aspects of uranium extraction from zones of reservoir oxidation using ultrasonic technology. Eurasian Mining. 2023. No. 1. pp. 41–44.
2. Arens V. Zh. Physicochemical Geotechnology. Moscow : MGGU, 2001. 656 p.
3. Guihe Li, Jia Yao. A Review of In Situ Leaching (ISL) for Uranium Mining. Mining. 2024. Vol. 4, Iss. 1. pp. 120–148.
4. OECD. Uranium 2022: Resources, Production and Demand. Available at: https://read.oecd-ilibrary.org/nuclear-energy/uranium-2022_2c4e111b-en (accessed: 20.03.2025).
5. Shestakov V. A. Mine Planning and Design. University Textbook. 3^rd revised and enlarged edition. Moscow : MGGU, 2003. 795 p.
6. Mamilov V. A., Petrov R. P., Nonik-Kachan V. P. Uranium Production by In-Situ Leaching. Moscow : Atomizdat, 1980. 248 p.
7. Razorenov Yu. I., Belodedov A. A., Shmalemyuk S. A. Determination of loss and dilution during mineral mining. MIAB. 2009. No. 9. pp. 47–50.
8. Wang B., Luo Y., Qian J.-Z. et al. Machine learning-based optimal design of the in-situ leaching process parameter (ISLPP) for the acid in-situ leaching of uranium. Journal of Hydrology. 2023. Vol. 626, P. A. ID 130234.
9. Oryngozhin E. S., Fedorov E. V., Alisheva Zh. N., Mitishova N. A. In-situ leaching technology for uranium deposits. Eurasian Mining. 2021. No. 2. pp. 31–35.
10. Siemens Industry, Inc. Process Instrumentation and Analytics from Coal Mines to Gold Mines. Available at: www.usa.siemens.com/pi (accessed: 20.03.2025).
11. Wang B., Luo Yu. , Liu J.-H. et al. Ion migration in in-situ leaching (ISL) of uranium: Field trial and reactive transport modelling. Journal of Hydrology. 2022. Vol. 615. ID 128634
12. Mukhanov B. K., Orakbayev Ye. Zh., Omirbekova Zh. Zh., Sarbasova R. B., Adilova Sh. K. Building and analysis of fluid dynamic models of in-situ leach holes. The Journal of Almaty Technological University. 2017. No. 4. pp. 10–15.
13. Impacts of Uranium In-Situ Leaching. Available at: https://www.wiseuranium.org/uisl.html (accessed: 20.03.2025).
14. Kulesh A. A. Stimulation of in-situ uranium leaching from weakly permeable ore. Aktualnye issledivaniya. 2020. No. 24(27). Available at: https://apni.ru/article/5912-intensifikatsiya-parametrov-podzemnogo-vishch (accessed: 20.03.2025).
15. Aitchanov B. H. Stochastic pulse–frequency system with delay. Monograph. Almaty : Stroitelstvo I arhitektura, 2007. 160 p.
16. Aitchanov B. Kh., Kurmanov B. K., Umarov T. F Dynamic pulse-frequency modulation in objects control with delay. Asian Journal of Control. 2012. Vol. 14, Iss. 6. pp. 1662–1668.