Geophysical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia¹ ; Schmidt Institute of Physics of the Earth, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia²

V. N. Tatarinov^1,2, Head of Laboratory, Chief Researcher, Doctor of Engineering Sciences, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Geophysical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia¹ ; NUST MISIS, Moscow, Russia²

D. Zh. Akmatov^1,2, Junior Researcher, d.akmatov@gcras.ru
A. I. Manevich^1,2, Researcher, Senior Lecturer

Geophysical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia¹ ; Schmidt Institute of Physics of the Earth, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia² ; NUST MISIS, Moscow, Russia³

R. V. Shevchuk^1,2,3, Junior Researcher

The article presents a description of a hierarchical approach to assess the sustainability of the geological environment in geomechanical studies. The results of applying this approach are examined using the example of the construction of an underground research laboratory to study the possibility of underground isolation of high-level radioactive waste (HLW) in the Krasnoyarsk Region. Based on the geodynamic research, geological-geophysical work and numerical modeling at various scales, the stress–strain models of rocks were created, and a three-dimensional model of the stress–strain behavior of Yenisei site was presented. The regional level of sustainability assessment is based on the data of geodynamic monitoring (local seismic network and GNSS observations of modern movements in the Earth’s crust). The local level of sustainability assessment includes creation of a geotechnical model which comprises lithological information, tectonic faulting, intrusive formations, zones of fracturing and fragmentation, among others. The model also incorporates the results of the stress–strain analysis in the area. The boundary conditions for the numerical problem solving are based on the results of the interpretation of data from the previous hierarchical level, including a systemic analysis of geological-geophysical characteristics of the geological environment, tectonic fault schemes, geophysical and GNSS observation data, external stress field parameters, physical and mechanical properties of rocks, results of rock fracturing determination, etc. The local level of sustainability assessment is applied to a scale comparable to underground mining operations. Based on the geological testing data and the local stress–strain modeling results, the stability of underground openings in the complex geological and geotechnical conditions is analyzed. The proposed systemic-hierarchical approach is applied to assess preservation of the isolation properties of rock mass when justifying the safety of burying high-level radioactive waste in granitoid–gneiss rocks of the Nizhne-Kansk Massif.
This work was conducted in the framework of budgetary funding of the Geophysical Center of RAS, adopted by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation.

1. Sadovskiy M. A., Bolkhovitinov L. G., Pisarenko V. F. About the properties of the discreteness of rocks. Izvestiya of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Physics of the Solid Earth. 1982. Vol. 18, No. 12. pp. 3–18.
2. Gzovskiy M. V. Basic Tectonophysics. Moscow : Nauka, 1975. 536 p.
3. Gushchenko O. I. Kinematic principle of reconstruction of main stress directions (according to geological and seismological data). Doklady AN USSR Series Geophysics. 1975. Vol. 225, No. 3. pp. 557–560.
4. Kuksenko V. S. Physical causes of similarity of elastic energy emission in rock failure on different scales. Physical Framework of Prediction of Rock Failure during Earthquakes : Collected Papers. Moscow : Nauka, 1987. pp. 68–73.
5. Logachev N. A. (Ed.). Faulting in lithosphere. Zones of shearing. Novosibirsk : Nauka, 1991. 262 p.
6. Osokina D. N. Hierarchical properties of tectonic stresses. Fields of Stresses and Strans in the Earth Crust : Collected Papers. Moscow : Nauka, 1987. 184 p.
7. Naymark A. A. Coarse-discrete fractality of geological medium and tectonophysical modeling problems. Vestnik Moscovskogo universiteta. Seriya 4. Geologiya. 2009. No. 5. pp. 3–11.
8. Batugina I. M., Petukhov I. M. Geodynamic zoning of mineral deposits in underground mine planning and operation. Moscow : Nedra, 1988. 166 p.
9. Gvishiani A. D., Kaftan V. I., Krasnoperov R. I., Tatarinov V. N., Vavilin E. V. Geoinformatics and systems analysis in geophysics and geodynamics. Izvestiya, Physics of the Solid Earth. 2019. Vol. 55, No. 1. pp. 33–49.
10. Eremenko A. A., Eremenko V. A., Gaidin A. P. Geological and geomechanical conditions of iron ore mining in the Altai-Sayan folded zone. Novosibirsk : Nauka, 2009. 224 p.
11. Akmatov D. Zh., Manevich A. I., Tatarinov V. N., Shevchuk R. V. 3D structure tectonics model of Yenisei site of the Nizhnekansk Massif. Gornyi Zhurnal. 2023. No. 1. pp. 69–74.
12. Tatarinov V. N., Manevich A. I., Losev I. V. A system approach to geodynamic zoning based on artificial neural networks. Gornye nauki i tekhnologii. 2018. No. 3. pp. 14–25.
13. Anderson E. B., Belov S. V., Kamnev E. N., Kolesnikov I. Yu., Lobanov N. F. et al. Underground isolation of radioactive wastes. Moscow : Gornaya kniga, 2011. 592 p.
14. Alekseev V. K., Batugin A. S., Batugina I. M., Garankin N. V., Kalinin A. M. et al. Geodynamic zoning of the Moscow Region. Stupino : SMT, 2003. 126 p.
15. Safety Guidance RB-019-18. Safety Guidance on Nuclear Energy Utilization. Estimation of initial regional seismicity and the nuclear energy use site during engineering survey and study. Approved by the Federal Environmental, Industrial and Nuclear Supervision Service of Russia, Order No. 208, dated may 11, 2018. Available at: http://docs.cntd.ru/document/556827973 (accessed: 15.06.2023).
16. Fadeev A. B. Finite element method in hydromechanics. Moscow : Nedra, 1987. 221 p.
17. Morozov V. N., Kolesnikov I. Yu., Belov S. V., Tatarinov V. N. Stress–strain behavior of the Nizhne-Kansk Massif—Zone of possible radioactive waste disposal. Geoekologiya. Inzhenernaya geologiya, gidrogeologiya, geokriologiya. 2008. No. 3. pp. 232–243.
18. Kaftan V. I., Gvishiani A. D., Morozov V. N., Tatarinov V. N. Methods and results of determination of movements and deformations of the Earth’s crust according to GNSS data at the Nizhnekansk geodynamic test network in the area of radioactive waste disposal. Sovremennye problemy distantsionnogo zondirovaniya Zemli iz kosmosa. 2019. Vol. 16, No. 1. pp. 83–94.
19. Chuyen Pham, Chandong Chang, Youngho Jang, Abdurahiman Kutty, Jaehoon Jeong. Effect of faults and rock physical properties on in situ stress within highly heterogeneous carbonate reservoirs. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering. 2020. Vol. 185. 106601.
20. Abdul Muntaqim Naji, Hafeezur Rehman, Muhammad Zaka Emad, Saeed Ahmad, Jungjoo Kim et al. Static and dynamic influence of the shear zone on rockburst occurrence in the headrace tunnel of the Neelum Jhelum hydropower project, Pakistan. Energies. 2019. Vol. 12, Iss. 11. 2124.
21. Lukina N. V. Active faults and seismicity in Altai. Geologiya i geofizika. 1996. Vol. 37, No. 11. pp. 71–74.
22. Lovatskaya R. M. Neotectonic fault-block structure of junction of Siberian Platform and West Siberian Plate. Geologiya i geofizika. 2005. Vol. 46, No. 2. pp. 141–150.
23. Gupalo V. S., Kazakov K. S., Minaev V. A., Ozerskiy D. A., Ustinov S. A. et al. Results of studies in the existing wells of the Yenisey subsurface site including those performed to identify the main fracture systems and rock anisotropy. Radioaktivnye otkhody. 2021. No. 1(14). pp. 76–86.
24. Ozerskiy D. A., Orlova A. I. Strength characteristics of rock and their analysis in the construction safety assessment of underground urf structures. Radioaktivnye otkhody. 2023. No. 1(22). pp. 70–76.
25. Eremenko V. A., Vinnikov V. A., Kosyreva M. A., Lagutin D. V. Identification of rock jointing parameters by borehole imaging and interval geotechnical documentation of nonoriented drill cores. Gornyi Zhurnal. 2022. No. 1. pp. 21–26.
26. Eremenko V. A., Ainbinder I. I., Marysyuk V. P., Nagovitsyn Yu. N. Guidelines for selecting ground support system for the Talnakh operations based on the rock mass quality assessment. Gornyi Zhurnal. 2018. No. 10. pp. 101–106.
27. Qiangyong Zhang, Chuancheng Liu, Kang Duan, Zhenjie Zhang, Wen Xiang. True threedimensional geomechanical model tests for stability analysis of surrounding rock during the excavation of a deep underground laboratory. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering. 2020. Vol. 53. pp. 517–537.
28. Ju Wang, Liang Chen, Rui Su, Xingguang Zhao. The Beishan underground research laboratory for geological disposal of high-level radioactive waste in China: Planning, site selection, site characterization and in situ tests. Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering. 2018. Vol. 10, Iss. 3. pp. 411–435.